Layers

The following data layers are used in Ocean Health Index calculations for goal status, trend, pressures, and resilience. Values for Golfo de Guayaquil were extracted from the global assessment and saved for each region to serve as a template as you gather higher-resolution data and indicators. Note that many values do not have a range because they were equally extracted from the global data layer.

alien_species

Alien species

metadata value
filename alien_species_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.68 to 0.68
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

The number and type of invasive and harmful invasive species in each marine ecoregion (Molnar et al. 2008). Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the five criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

  • Molnar, J.L., Gamboa, R.L., Revenga C., Spalding, M. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(485). doi:10.1890/070064

ao_access

Fisheries management effectiveness and opportunity

metadata value
filename ao_access_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 0.8912685 to 1
global extraction equal: global management effectiveness scores were applied equally to all regions.

Data from Mora et al. (2009) in PLOS Biology. Estimates for provinces use figure S1 from Mora's work. To rescale, the highest score was used, in this case El Oro. The opportunity for artisanal and recreational fishing based on local data: 27/04/2009, @andres Oportunidad de pesca artesanal (1).xlsx

ao_need

Purchasing power parity as a proxy for subsistence fishing need, by region

metadata value
filename ao_need_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 0.02439024 to 0.8471178
global extraction equal: global purchasing power parity information was applied equally to all regions.

Updated with data from INEC. Census 1990, 2001 y 2010. @andres

Data files: Oportunidad de pesca artesanal (1).xlsx, Oportunidad de pesca artesanal-completo.xlsx y AO_need_ts.xlsx

ao_sao

Sustainability by region

metadata value
filename ao_sao_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 0.4752502 to 0.6902315
global extraction equal: global purchasing power parity information was applied equally to all regions.

The opportunity for artisanal and recreational fishing based on local data @andres

Data files: Oportunidad de pesca artesanal (1).xlsx

cc_acid

Ocean acidification

metadata value
filename cc_acid_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.9616443 to 1
global extraction raster

Modeled distribution of the aragonite saturation state (AAS) of the ocean in pre-industrial (~1870) and modern times (2000-2009) (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015. Using the maps in Halpern et al. (2008): A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems the data for the three provinces in the Gulf of Guayaquil were made precise , B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

cc_slr

Sea level rise

metadata value
filename cc_slr_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction raster

Modeled sea level rise (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010).

Data sources:

cc_sst

Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies

metadata value
filename cc_sst_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.05509149 to 0.05509149
global extraction raster

Modeled sea surface temperature (Halpern et al. 2008) based on temperature anomolies provided by GHRSST and the US National Oceanographic Data Center.

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5.0 SST data
  • Casey, K.S., Brandon, T.B., Cornillon, P., and Evans, R. (2010). The Past, Present and Future of the AVHRR Pathfinder SST Program, Oceanography from Space: Revisited, eds. V. Barale, J.F.R. Gower, and L. Alberotanza, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5_16

cc_uv

UV radiation

metadata value
filename cc_uv_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.8908412 to 0.9223017
global extraction raster

Modeled UV radiation (Halpern et al. 2008) based on Erythemal UV Irradiance data provided by GES DISC.

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 Using the map “Climate Change (UV)” in Halpern et al. (2008): A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems data for the provinces in the Gulf of Guayaquil were made precise.
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC)

cites

Resilience from commitment to CITES

metadata value
filename cites_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) signatories. It was verified that Ecuador signed this convention and has a score of 1 for the country. Data sources:

cp_habitat_extent_rank

Habitat extent * rank, per Coastal Protection habitats

metadata value
filename cp_habitat_extent_rank_gye2015.csv
value units rank
value range 1.8269 to 6269.924
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Habitat extent * habitat rank for Coastal Protection habitats: coral, mangrove offshore 1km, mangrove inland 1km, saltmarsh, seaice_shoreline and seagrass. Updated with local data. Duplicate from hab_extent_gye2015.csv layer. @andres. For each habitat considered in a goal, the habitat extension is multiplied by a rank that orders the habitats; since there is only one habitat in this goal the rank is 1 and the values are the same as hab_extent for mangrove.

cs_habitat_extent

Habitat extent * rank, per Carbon Storage habitats

metadata value
filename cs_habitat_extent_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 1.8269 to 6269.924
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global habitat extent was applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Habitat extent * habitat rank for Carbon Storage habitats: mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass. @andres: updated with local data. Src: pre-proc/CS/ For each habitat in this goal, the habitat extension is multiplied by a rank which orders the habitats; since there is only one habitat the rank is 1 and the values are tha same as in hab_extent for the total mangrove.

cw_coastalpopn_trend

Coastal human population as a proxy for trend in trash

metadata value
filename cw_coastalpopn_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 25 miles. @andres, 31/05/2015. Updated with local information, trend is adjusted via sd(x)/sd(y) Used time series of the coastal population from the source: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (INEC). Population trend computed using Halpern et al. global methodoly, implemented in R by the Information Management group of this project.

cw_fertilizer_trend

Fertilizer consumption as a proxy for trend in nutrient pollution

metadata value
filename cw_fertilizer_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.01984815 to 1
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Statistics on fertilizer consumption from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). @andres, 31/05/2015. Updated with local information, trend is adjusted via sd(x)/sd(y). Time series of fertilizers used as indicator of nutrient contamination. Source: FAO and INEC. Used method sugested by Halpern et al. implemented in R and ejecuted over the data to compute the trend. Data sources: Data from INEC

cw_pathogen_trend

Trends in access to improved sanitation as a proxy for pathogen pollution trend

metadata value
filename cw_pathogen_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range -1 to -1
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Trends in percent of population with access to improved sanitation facilities. @andres, 31/05/2015. Updated with local information, trend is adjusted via sd(x)/sd(y) Time series of access to sanitary facilities as indicator of pathogens contamination from INEC. Used method suggested by Halpern et al. implemented in R and ejecuted over the data to compute the trend.

cw_pesticide_trend

Pesticide consumption as a proxy for trend in chemical pollution

metadata value
filename cw_pesticide_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.1609471 to 0.5705161
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Statistics on pesticide consumption from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). @andres 31/05/2015. Updated with local information: trend is adjusted via sd(x)/sd(y) Time series of pesticides consumption as indicator of chemical contamination. Used method suggested by Halpern et al. implemented in R and ejecuted over the data to compute the trend. Data sources:

fis_b_bmsy

B/Bmsy estimates obtained using the catch-MSY method

metadata value
filename fis_b_bmsy_gye2015.csv
value units B / B_msy
value range 0.01563135 to 1.992167
global extraction equal: global b_bmsy information was applied equally to all regions.

The ratio of population abundance compared to the abundance required to deliver maximum sustainable yield, obtained from the catch-MSY model (Martell & Froese, 2013). Updated with local data. @andres. 18/06/2015. Data from INP and execution of Martin y Froese model implemented by researchers from UC Santa Barbara. Data sources:

fis_meancatch

Catch data for each Taxon/FAO/SAUP region averaged across years (1980-2011)

metadata value
filename fis_meancatch_gye2015.csv
value units metric tons
value range 0 to 3185440
global extraction equal: global mean catch information was applied equally to all regions.

Mean catch-per-taxon values within each FAO major fishing area. Updated with local data from INP. @andres. 18/06/2015. Species existent in the Golfo de Guayaquil. Data sources:

fis_proparea_saup2rgn

area of each saup/total OHI reporting region

metadata value
filename fis_proparea_saup2rgn_gye2015.csv
value units proportion of area
value range 0.02167989 to 0.1261728
global extraction area_offshore: global proportional area were applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area.

Lookup table of Sea Around Us Project regions to Ocean Health Index region identifiers. Updated with local data. @andres. 18/06/2015. Data for country codes available in http://www.codeofcountry.com/country-codes Data sources:

fishing_v1

CBD survey: coastal fishing v1

metadata value
filename fishing_v1_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.62 to 0.62
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the six criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

fishing_v1_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v1

metadata value
filename fishing_v1_eez_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.17 to 0.17
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the six criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

fishing_v2_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v2

metadata value
filename fishing_v2_eez_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.59 to 0.59
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the six criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

fishing_v3

CBD survey: coastal fishing v3

metadata value
filename fishing_v3_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.65 to 0.65
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the six criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

fishing_v3_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v3

metadata value
filename fishing_v3_eez_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.17 to 0.17
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the six criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

fp_art_hb

High bycatch caused by artisanal fishing

metadata value
filename fp_art_hb_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The presence of destructive artisanal blast and poison (cyanide) fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited). Updated with local information. @andres, 29/06/2015 Using the maps in the same source used in the country study, the data for the Golfo de Guayaquil was obtained. The source was: Halpern et al. (2008): A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems Data sources:

fp_art_lb

Low bycatch caused by artisanal fishing

metadata value
filename fp_art_lb_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.09 to 0.16
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled low bycatch artisanal fishing using non-destructive practices (Halpern et al. 2008) based on FAO fisheries statistics.

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 Same global source: Sea Around Us Project (http://www.seaaroundus.org/) was used to determine the precise data for Golfo de Guayaquil
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • FAO fisheries statistics

fp_com_hb

High bycatch caused by commercial fishing

metadata value
filename fp_com_hb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.02438849 to 0.02438849
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled destructive commercial fishing practices by 5 different gear types (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

fp_com_lb

Low bycatch caused by commercial fishing

metadata value
filename fp_com_lb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.08939474 to 0.08939474
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled least destructive commercial fishing practices by 2 different gear types (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

fp_targetharvest

Targeted harvest of cetaceans and sea turtles

metadata value
filename fp_targetharvest_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Targeted harvest of cetaceans and marine turtles, from FAO fisheries data.

Data sources:

fp_wildcaught_weight

Fisheries weighting factor

metadata value
filename fp_wildcaught_weight_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 0.47 to 0.49
global extraction equal: global weights were applied equally to all regions.

Proportion of wild caught fisheries yield to mariculture yield, based on FAO fisheries statistics. Updated with local data from INP. @andres. 18/06/2015. Data sources:

hab_extent

Habitat extent

metadata value
filename hab_extent_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 1.8269 to 6269.924
global extraction raster

Modeled combined habitat extent. @andres: updated with local data. Files: pre-proc/CS/ Data Sources: Instituto Geografico Militar (IGM), Cartografia Basica. Instituto Oceanografico de la Armada (INOCAR), Cartas Nauticas, Linea de Batimetria IOA. Secretaria Tecnica del Mar, area de estudio. INEC, Division Politica. CLIRSEN - Centro de Levantamientos Integrados de Recursos Naturales, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nazca de Investigaciones Marinas

hab_health

Habitat health

metadata value
filename hab_health_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 0.6706 to 0.95
global extraction equal: global habitat health was applied equally to all regions.

Data Sources: Instituto Geografico Militar (IGM), Cartografia Basica. Instituto Oceanografico de la Armada (INOCAR), Cartas Nauticas, Linea de Batimetria IOA. Secretaria Tecnica del Mar, INEC, Division Politica. CLIRSEN.

hab_presence

Habitat presence

metadata value
filename hab_presence_gye2015.csv
value units boolean
value range 0 to 1
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled combined habitat presence. Using Local information. @andres 1/6/2015 with data from Ministerio del Medio Ambiente e Instituto Nazca de Investigaciones Marinas

hab_trend

Habitat health trend

metadata value
filename hab_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range -1 to -1
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled combined habitat health trend. Update local data @andres source: hab-trend/tabla tendencias.xlsx + soft_bottom, trend is adjusted via sd(x)/sd(y)

habitat

CBD survey: habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.875 to 0.875
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the four criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

habitat_combo

CBD survey: coastal habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_combo_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.76 to 0.76
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the five criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

habitat_combo_eez

CBD survey: ocean habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_combo_eez_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.2 to 0.2
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the four criteria suggested by Halpern et al. methodology with equal weight each. Data sources:

hd_intertidal

Coastal population density as a proxy for intertidal habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_intertidal_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.04946628 to 0.1062223
global extraction population_inland25km: global intertidal pressures were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 10 miles, extracted from Gridded Population of the World (GPW) Population Density Grid Future Estimates.

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 INEC http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/ La Libertad was included, the justification for this is in the README file for this data layer
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University
  • CIESIN & CIAT (Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, & Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)) (2005). Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates. Palisades, NY. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)

hd_subtidal_hb

High bycatch artisanal fishing practices as a proxy for subtidal hard bottom habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_subtidal_hb_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The presence of destructive artisanal blast and poison (cyanide) fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited). Updated with local information. @andres 29/06/2015 The Gulf data was obtained from a global data source: World Re\ sources Institute (http://www.wri.org/publication/reefs-risk-revisited) same used in the study from ohi-science.org for Ecuador.

Data sources:

hd_subtidal_sb

High bycatch commercial fishing practices as a proxy for subtidal soft bottom habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_subtidal_sb_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.6695538 to 0.7637526
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Spatially distributed commercial catch data by fishing gear type, developed by Sea Around Us Project.

Data sources:

ico_spp_extinction_status

IUCN extinction risk category for iconic species

metadata value
filename ico_spp_extinction_status_gye2015.csv
value units category
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global status was applied equally to all regions.

Updated with local layer. @andres 28/04/2015 Data from IUCN with iconic species of the Golfo de Guayaquil. Three (3) species from the global study were eliminated and 13 new ones were included.

ico_spp_popn_trend

IUCN population trend as a proxy for iconic species trend

metadata value
filename ico_spp_popn_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Updated with local data. @andres 28/04/2015. Data from IUCN for species existent in the Gulf

le_jobs_sector_year

Jobs

metadata value
filename le_jobs_sector_year_gye2015.csv
value units jobs
value range 9 to 21980.51
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to each region.

Gapfilled. Updated with local data @andres, 04/06/2015 Nine economic sectors appropiate for the Golfo de Guayaquil. Data sources: (INEC) http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/empleo-marzo-2015/

le_popn

Total population by subregion

metadata value
filename le_popn_gye2015.csv
value units count
value range 318247 to 4024929
global extraction equal:

Population data. Updated with local data. @andres 04/05/2015 Source: INEC http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/proyecciones-poblacionales/

le_sector_weight

Jobs weighting

metadata value
filename le_sector_weight_gye2015.csv
value units value
value range 1 to 1.97
global extraction equal:

Jobs weighted by sector. Using local information. @andres 1/6/2015 Nine economic sectors appropiate for the Golfo de Guayaquil. Sectorial Multiplier given by Halpern et al. in their article from 2012

le_unemployment

Unemployment

metadata value
filename le_unemployment_gl2014.csv
value units percent unemployed
value range 6.065547 to 10.34244
global extraction equal: global unemployment percentages were applied equally to each region.

Gapfilled. Updated with local data @andres, 04/06/2015. INEC http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/empleo-encuesta-nacional-de-empleo-desempleo-y-subempleo-enemdu/

le_vab

VAB

metadata value
filename le_vab_gye2015.csv
value units 2010 USD
value range 86451173 to 2007522352
global extraction population_inland25km: global GDP data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

New layer. Substitutes layer le_gdp. The vab is an equivalent measure which captures regional economies importance to discriminate by province. The gdp is more appropriate to describe the national economy. Updated with local data @andres, 04/06/2015 GDP pases to VAB

le_wage_sector_year

Wages

metadata value
filename le_wage_sector_year_gye2015.csv
value units 2010 USD
value range 539 to 637
global extraction equal: global wages were applied equally to each region.

gapfilled. Updated with local data @andres, 04/06/2015. Nine economic sectors appropiate for the Golfo de Guayaquil, INEC http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/base-censo-2010/

le_workforcesize_adj

Modeled Livelihoods & Economies data

metadata value
filename le_workforcesize_adj_gye2015.csv
value units jobs
value range 64923 to 1140158
global extraction population_inland25km: global workforce data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Adjusted workforce size. Updated with local data @andres, 04/06/2015. INEC - Estimate from the Population Census of 2010

li_gci

GCI: competitiveness in achieving sustained economic prosperity

metadata value
filename li_gci_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.4716312 to 0.4716312
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) scores from the World Economic Forum. Updated @andres. 29/06/2015. National Data up to date for the 2013-2014 period from the World Economic Forum. Data sources:

li_sector_evenness

Sector evenness as a measure of economic diversity

metadata value
filename li_sector_evenness_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7686367 to 0.7686367
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Shannon's Diversity Index calculated sector evenness based on the total number of sectors and the proportion of jobs belonging to any sector.

lsp_prot_area_inland1km

Coastal protected areas inland 1km

metadata value
filename lsp_prot_area_inland1km_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 0 to 37.86
global extraction raster

Coastal protected areas inland to 1km. Updated with local data. @andres, 28/04/2015 source: AMCPs 3MN Y 1 KM INCREMENTO_UTF8.xlsx Ministerio del Ambiente and Fundacion Natura. All areas considered are within the SNAP.

lsp_prot_area_offshore3nm

Coastal marine protected areas offshore 3nm

metadata value
filename lsp_prot_area_offshore3nm_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 0 to 126.12
global extraction raster

Coastal protected areas offshore to 3nm. Updated with local data. @andres, 28/04/2015 file: AMCPs 3MN Y 1 KM INCREMENTO_UTF8.xlsx Ministerio del Ambiente y Fundacion Natura. All areas considered are within SNAP.

mar_coastalpopn_inland25km

Coastal population inland 25 kilometers

metadata value
filename mar_coastalpopn_inland25km_gye2015.csv
value units people
value range 191389 to 2850365
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 25 kilometers. Updated with local data. @andres. 19/06/2015. Data sources:

INEC http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/proyecciones-poblacionales/

mar_harvest_species

Mariculture species harvested

metadata value
filename mar_harvest_species_gye2015.csv
value units species name
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global mariculture species were applied equally to each region.

Lookup table for mariculture: species Latin names and species code. (FAO) http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/es Updated with local data. @andres. 19/06/2015. Codes for the species existent in Golfo de Guayaquil, tilapia has no FAO code. Data sources:

mar_harvest_tonnes

Mariculture harvest

metadata value
filename mar_harvest_tonnes_gye2015.csv
value units tons
value range 0 to 196854.2
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global mariculture harvest (tonnes) data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Mariculture harvest. Updated with local data. @andres. 19/06/2015. Data sources: Data from Camara Nacional de Acuacultura (CNA). Subsecretaria de Acuacultura

mar_sustainability_score

Mariculture sustainability score

metadata value
filename mar_sustainability_score_gye2015.csv
value units sustainability
value range 0 to 0.775
global extraction equal: global mariculture sustainability scores were applied equally to each region.

Mariculture sustainability and mariculture regulations indicated by the Mariculture Sustainability Index (MSI). Updated with local data. @andres. 19/06/2015. Data sources:

  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countriesՂ_Ղ<8e> performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countriesՂՂ<8e> Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. _Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28Ղ_ՂՐ56.

mar_trend_years

Mariculture years used for trend

metadata value
filename mar_trend_years_gye2015.csv
value units year string
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to each region.

Mariculture years used for trend. Updated to use local data range. @andres. 19/06/2015.

mariculture

CBD survey: mariculture

metadata value
filename mariculture_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.9166667 to 0.9166667
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015 Using the four criteria suggested by Halpern et al. Methodology with the equal weight each. Data sources:

msi_gov

MSI sustainability and regulations

metadata value
filename msi_gov_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.8208333 to 0.8208333
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Mariculture practice assessment criteria from the Mariculture Sustainability Index (MSI). Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the four criteria suggested by Halpern et al. Methodology with the equal weight each. Data sources:

  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countriesՂ_Ղ<8e> performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countriesՂՂ<8e> Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. _Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28Ղ_ՂՐ56.

np_blast

Areas of observed blast (dynamite) fishing

metadata value
filename np_blast_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

The presence of destructive artisanal blast fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited). Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

  • Reefs at Risk Revisited Burke et al. (2011). Map 3.1 - Global Observations of Blast and Poison Fishing. Pg. 27, usando el mapa 3.1

np_cyanide

Areas of observed poison fishing

metadata value
filename np_cyanide_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

The presence of destructive artisanal poison (cyanide) fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited). Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

  • Reefs at Risk Revisited Burke et al. (2011). Map 3.1 - Global Observations of Blast and Poison Fishing. Page 27, using map 3.1

np_harvest_product_weight

Ratio of product peak harvest value (in 2010 USD) divided by sum of all product peak harvest values, per region

metadata value
filename np_harvest_product_weight_gye2015.csv
value units score
value range 1.951e-06 to 0.9776204
global extraction equal: global weights were applied equally to each region.

Ratio of harvest of of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO. Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

np_harvest_tonnes

Harvest yield of marine natural products, smoothed

metadata value
filename np_harvest_tonnes_gye2015.csv
value units metric tonnes
value range 0 to 17390
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global harvest (tonnes) was applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Yield in metric tonnes of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO. Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

np_harvest_tonnes_relative

Harvest ratio to peak yeild of marine natural products

metadata value
filename np_harvest_tonnes_relative_gye2015.csv
value units score
value range 0 to 1
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

Ratio to max yield (tonnes) of product peak for six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO. Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

np_harvest_usd

Harvest value of marine natural products, smoothed

metadata value
filename np_harvest_usd_gye2015.csv
value units 2010 USD
value range 0 to 35081000
global extraction equal: global harvest (usd), used as a weighting score, was applied equally to all regions.

Value in 2010 US dollars of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO. Estimate based on US dollar prices of 2010. Since Ecuador is a signatory of CITES coral exportation is forbidden. Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

np_harvest_usd_relative

Harvest ratio to peak value of marine natural products

metadata value
filename np_harvest_usd_relative_gye2015.csv
value units score
value range 0 to 1
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

Ratio to max value (2010 USD) of product peak of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO. Updated with local data. @andres, 20/06/2015. Data sources:

po_chemicals

Ocean-based chemical pollution

metadata value
filename po_chemicals_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.003390492 to 0.08560687
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Modeled ocean-based chemical pollution from commercial shipping traffic and ports and harbors (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

po_chemicals_3nm

Land-based chemical pollution

metadata value
filename po_chemicals_3nm_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.257125 to 0.6520367
global extraction raster

Modeled land-based organic pollution at 1km2 resolution (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated @andres 1/6/2015 Using the data from the maps from Halpern et al. (2008): A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems we were able to obtain the data for the provinces of Golfo de Guayaquil
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

po_nutrients

Ocean nutrient pollution

metadata value
filename po_nutrients_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.08772676 to 0.1595624
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Modeled ocean nutrient pollution (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

po_nutrients_3nm

Coastal nutrient pollution

metadata value
filename po_nutrients_3nm_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.136963 to 0.4853501
global extraction raster

Modeled coastal nutrient pollution (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated @andres 1/6/2015 Using the data from the maps from the paper of Halpern et al. (2008): A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems we were able to obtain the data for the provinces of Golfo de Guayaquil
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

po_pathogens

Access to improved sanitation as a proxy for pathogen pollution

metadata value
filename po_pathogens_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.089855 to 0.1064947
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Percent of population with access to improved sanitation facilities. When used as a pressure it is computed as 1-po_pathogens this is used to determine the status of the Clean Waters Goal Data sources:

po_trash

Trash pollution

metadata value
filename po_trash_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.4440443 to 0.9090909
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Density of trash from coastal land and sea (Ocean Conservancy). When used as a pressure the value is obtained from calculating 1-po_trash used to determine the status of the Clean Waters goal.

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 from the following institutions: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (INEC). Ministerio del Ambiente (MAE). Comision Permanente del Pacifico Sur (CPPS).

rgn_area

Region area of total EEZ ocean

metadata value
filename rgn_area_sc2014-area.csv
value units km^2
value range 2643.545 to 15384.93
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Area of Ocean Health Index regions based on exclusive economic zones (VLIZ 2012).

Data sources:

rgn_area_inland1km

Region area 1 km inland

metadata value
filename rgn_area_inland1km_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 361.11 to 2187.63
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

inland area 1 km from shore. @andres: updated with local data. 03/05/2015

rgn_area_offshore3nm

Region area offshore 3nm

metadata value
filename rgn_area_offshore3nm_gye2015.csv
value units km^2
value range 65.67 to 236.39
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Area of Ocean Health Index regions to 3nm (VLIZ 2012). @andres: updated with local data.

Data sources:

rgn_georegion_labels

Georegion labels per region, at 3 georegion levels

metadata value
filename rgn_georegion_labels_gl2014.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Lookup table of Ocean Health Index regions and UN georegion names at 3 georegion levels.

Data sources:

rgn_georegions

Georegion ids per region, at 3 georegion levels

metadata value
filename rgn_georegions_gl2014.csv
value units georegion id
value range 1 to 419
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Lookup table of Ocean Health Index regions and UN georegion identifiers at 3 georegion levels.

Data sources:

rgn_global

regions used in global analysis for Nature 2012, subset of regions_labels by type=eez and not deleted or disputed

metadata value
filename rgn_global_gl2014.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Regions used in global analysis for Nature 2012, subset of regions_labels by type=eez and not deleted or disputed.

rgn_labels

regions by type (eez, subocean, unclaimed) and label

metadata value
filename rgn_labels.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Ocean Health Index regions by type (eez, subocean, unclaimed) and label

sp_alien

Alien species

metadata value
filename sp_alien_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.06079027 to 0.06079027
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The number and type of invasive and harmful invasive species in each marine ecoregion (Molnar et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 from IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) and papers by: Molnar et al. and Gladys Torres, “Estrategias preventivas a especies invasoras acuaticas en el Interior del Golfo de Guayaquil en el 2011. Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services.
  • Molnar, J.L., Gamboa, R.L., Revenga C., Spalding, M. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(485). doi:10.1890/070064

sp_genetic

Introduced species as a proxy for genetic escapes

metadata value
filename sp_genetic_gye2015.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0 to 0.99
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Statistics on native or introduced species from the Mariculture Sustainibility Index (MSI).

Data sources:

  • Updated with local information. @andres 1/6/2015 Data for the provinces in the Gulf of Guayaquil were obtained from the same global source: Trujillo P. (2008)
  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countriesՂ_Ղ<8e> performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countriesՂՂ<8e> Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. _Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28Ղ_ՂՐ56.

species_diversity

Ocean ecological integrity

metadata value
filename species_diversity_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.8245337 to 0.8245337
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Marine species diversity as a proxy for ecological integrity: ocean (IUCN).

Data sources:

species_diversity_3nm

Coastal ecological integrity

metadata value
filename species_diversity_3nm_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.9117152 to 0.9117152
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Marine species diversity as a proxy for ecological integrity: coastal (IUCN).

Data sources:

spp_status

Species lists and IUCN threat categories as a proxy for iconic species status

metadata value
filename spp_status_gye2015.csv
value units status score
value range 0.9650558 to 0.9650558
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists and 112 other specific sources. Updated with local data. Layer is still not regionalized. @andres 13/06/2015. Data sources:

spp_trend

Species lists and IUCN threat categories as a proxy for iconic species trend

metadata value
filename spp_trend_gye2015.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.1942 to -0.1942
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to each region.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists and 112 other specific sources. Updated with local data. Layer is still not regionalized. @andres 13/06/2015. Data sources:

ss_wgi

Weakness of governance indicated with the WGI

metadata value
filename ss_wgi_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.6432828 to 0.6432828
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Inverse of World Governance Indicators (WGI) six combined scores. This layer is related to the resilience data layer called wgi_all. It is obtained by computing 1-wgi_all.

Data sources:

tourism

CBD survey: tourism

metadata value
filename tourism_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.6875 to 0.6875
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Data sources:

tr_jobs_total

Total labor force

metadata value
filename tr_jobs_total_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units jobs
value range 262260.1 to 6051600
global extraction population_inland25km: global total labor force data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Total labor force (number of people 15 years old and older who can supply labor for the production of goods and services) from World Bank assessments.

Data sources:

tr_jobs_tourism

Direct employment in tourism

metadata value
filename tr_jobs_tourism_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units jobs
value range 3203.098 to 97074.74
global extraction population_inland25km: global tourism employee data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Direct employment in tourism (WTTC).

Data sources:

tr_percent_inter

fraction of tourist census per region (alien, external)

metadata value
filename tr_percent_inter_gye2015.csv
value units percent
value range 7.3 to 47.5
global extraction :

Percent of international tourists in each region. New Layer, Data from Ministerio de Turismo

tr_percent_local

fraction of tourist census per region (local, internal)

metadata value
filename tr_percent_local_gye2015.csv
value units percent
value range 2.1 to 16.5
global extraction :

Percent of local tourists in each region. New layer, Data from INEC

tr_sustainability

Sustainability index

metadata value
filename tr_sustainability_gl2014.csv
value units score
value range 3.93 to 3.93
global extraction equal : global scores were applied equally to each region.

Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) from the World Economic Forum

tr_target_inter

Alien tourist target for 2019

metadata value
filename tr_target_inter_gye2015.csv
value units people
value range 158673 to 1032458
global extraction :

Projected cound based on country total by % of each region. New layer, Data from Plan Integral de Marketing Turistico (PIMTE) 2014

tr_target_local

Local tourist target for 2019

metadata value
filename tr_target_local_gye2015.csv
value units people
value range 117888 to 926259
global extraction :

Projected cound based on country total by % of each region. New layer, data from Plan Integral de Marketing Turistico (PIMTE) 2014

tr_unemployment

Percent unemployment

metadata value
filename tr_unemployment_gl2014.csv
value units percent unemployed
value range 4.1 to 14
global extraction equal: global unemployment percentages were applied equally to each region.

Percent unemployment (The World Bank).

Data sources:

tr_visitors_inter

International tourist census up until 2014

metadata value
filename tr_visitors_inter_gye2015.csv
value units people
value range 968499 to 1557006
global extraction :

Tourist census from alien country. New layer, Data from Ministerio de Turismo

tr_visitors_local

Local tourist census up until 2014

metadata value
filename tr_visitors_local_gye2015.csv
value units people
value range 4872615 to 5056227
global extraction :

Tourist census from same country. New layer, Data from Coordinaciones Zonales of the Ministerio de Turismo

water

CBD survey: water

metadata value
filename water_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.6875 to 0.6875
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005) Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. Using the four criteria suggested by Halpern et al. Methodology with the equal weight each. Data sources:

wgi_all

Strength of governance indicated with the WGI

metadata value
filename wgi_all_gye2015.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.3843053 to 0.3843053
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

World Governance Indicators (WGI) six combined scores. Updated with local information. @andres. 29/06/2015. National data updated to 2013 with data from the World Bank. Data sources: