Goals

The following goal models are from the global assessment in 2014. These models should be modified when better data or indicators are available.

Food Provision: Fisheries

Amount of sustainable wild-caught seafood compared to the max sustainable

\[ x_{FIS} = (\prod_{g=1}^{6} SS_{i,g}^{C_{i,g}})^\frac{1}{\sum{C_{i,g}}} \]

  • \(SS\) stock status score, based on B/Bmsy (biomass / maximum sustainable yield of biomass) and an underharvest penalty adjustment

  • \(C\) total catch

  • \(i\) OHI reporting region

  • \(g\) level of taxonomic grouping (ISSCAAP)

Food Provision: Mariculture

Amount of sustainable farm-raised seafood compared to max sustainable

\[ x_{MAR} = \frac{Y_{c}}{Y_{r}} \]

\[ Y_{c} = \frac{\sum{1}^{k} Y_{k} * S_{M,k}}{P_{c}} \]

  • \(Y\) = current sustainably harvested total yield, current [\(c\)] or reference [\(r\)]

  • \(S_{M,k}\) = Sustainability score for each species \(k\)

  • \(P_{c}\) = Coastal population within 100km

  • \(Y_{r} = max(Y_{c})\)

Artisanal Fishing Opportunity

the opportunity to fish artisanally, independent of how many fish are caught

\[ x_{AO} = (1 - D_{U}) * S_{AO} \]

\[ D_{U} = (1 - P) * (1 - O_{AO}) \]

  • \(D_{U}\) = unmet demand

  • \(S_{AO}\) = sustainability of fishing methods

  • \(O_{AO}\) = access to artisanal fishing

  • \(P\) = gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP)

Natural Products

Level of protection of the coast from inundation and erosion compared to the local natural potential

\[ x_{NP} = \frac{\sum_{p=1}^{N} w_p * x_p}{N} \]

\[ x_p = H_p * S_p \]

\[ S_p = 1 - (\frac{E + R}{N}) \]

  • \(w_p\) = proportional peak US dollar value of product \(p\)

  • \(x_p\) = sustainable-harvest score for product \(p\)

  • \(H_p\) = harvest yield for product \(p\)

  • \(S_p\) = sustainability of product \(p\)

  • \(E\) = exposure term

  • \(R\) = risk term

products:aquaria fishes, corals, sponges, shells, seaweeds, fish oil

Carbon Storage

Extent and condition of coastal habitats that store and sequester atmospheric carbon

\[ x_{CS} = \sum_{1}^{k} \frac{C_{s}}{C_{r}} * \frac{A_{k}}{A_{T}} \]

  • \(C\) = condition of habitat \(k\), current [\(c\)] or reference[\(r\)]

  • \(A\) = area of habitat \(k\), current [\(c\)] or total area covered by all habitats assessed [T]

habitats: seagrass beds, salt marshes, mangroves

Coastal Protection

Protection from inundation or erosion compared to the local natural potential

\[ x_{CP} = \sum_{k}^{n} \alpha_{k} * \frac{C_{c,k}}{C_{r,k}} \]

\[ \alpha_{k} = \frac{w_{k}*A_{k}}{\sum{w_{k}*A_{k}}} \]

\[ w_{k} = \frac{r_{k}}{\sum{r_{k}}} \]

  • \(C\) = condition of habitat \(k\), current [\(c\)] and reference [\(r\)]

  • \(\alpha\) = weighted area of habitat \(k\)

  • \(A\) = area of habitat \(k\)

  • \(r\) = habitat protective ability rank weight

habitats: salt marshes, seagrass beds, mangroves, coral reefs, sea ice

Tourism & Recreation

Tourism & recreation value, independent of monetary exchange

\[ x_{TR} = E_{t} * S_{t} \]

\[ E_{t} = E_{W} / (L_{t} - L_{t} * U_{t}) \]

  • \(E\) = tourism employment proportion

  • \(S\) = sustainability measure

  • \(E_{W}\) = number of employees in travel and tourism sectors

  • \(L\) = total labor force

  • \(U\) = percent unemployment

  • \(t\) = current year

Livelihoods & Economies: Livelihoods

Number of jobs and job quality from marine-associated sectors

\[ x_{LIV} = \frac{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k} j_{c,k}}{\sum_{i=1}^{k} j_{r,k}} + \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k} g_{m,k}}{\sum_{i=1}^{k} g_{r,k}}}{2} \]

  • \(j\) = number of jobs within sector \(k\) at current [\(c\)] or reference [\(r\)] time

  • \(g\) = average wages per job for sector \(k\) at current [\(m\)] or reference [\(r\)] region

  • sectors (\(k\)): tourism, commercial fishing, marine mammal watching, aquarium fishing, wave & tidal energy, mariculture, transportation & shipping, ports & harbors, ship & boatbuilding

Livelihoods & Economies: Economies

Revenue from marine associated sectors

\[ x_{ECO} = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{e_{c,k}}{e_{r,k}} \]

  • \(e\) = total adjusted revenue generated from each sector \(k\) at current [\(c\)] or reference [\(r\)] time

  • sectors (\(k\)): tourism, commercial fishing, marine mammal watching, aquarium fishing, wave & tidal energy, mariculture, transportation & shipping, ports & harbors, ship & boatbuilding

Sense of Place: Iconic Species

Aesthetic connections to and cultural identity with a given region measured through the status of iconic species

\[ x_{ICO} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} S_{i} * w_{i}}{\sum_{i=1}^{N} S_{i}} \]

  • \(S\) = number of assessed species in each threat category \(i\)

  • \(w\) = status weight assigned per threat category \(i\)

  • \(N\) = 6 threat categories

iconic species list: WWF Priority Species

threat categories: IUCN

Sense of Place: Lasting Special Places

Aesthetic connections to and cultural identity with a given region measured through the status of meaningful locations

\[ x_{LSP} = \frac{(\frac{M}{M_{r}} + \frac{C}{C_{r}})}{2} \]

  • \(M\) = percent protected marine coastal area compared to reference [\(r\)] \(C\) = percent protected coastline compared to reference [\(r\)]

  • \(C\) = managed area on coastal land (0-1mi)

  • \(C_{t}\) = total coastal land area

Clean Waters

The degree to which coastal waters are free of contaminants

\[ x_{CW} = \sqrt[4]{a * u * l * d} \]

  • \(a\) = number of coastal people without access to sanitation

  • \(u\) = 1 – (nutrient input)

  • \(l\) = 1 – (chemical input)

  • \(d\) = 1 – (marine debris input, by country)

Biodiversity: Habitats

Existence values people hold for biodiversity measured through the status of key habitats

\[ x_{HAB} = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{C_{c,k}}{C_{r,k}} * \frac{A_{c,k}}{A_{T}} \]

  • \(C\) = condition of habitat k, current [\(c\)] or reference[\(r\)]

  • \(A\) = area of habitat k, current [\(c\)] or total of all habitats [T]

habitats: seagrass beds, salt marshes, subtidal soft-bottom habitats, mangroves, coral reefs, sea ice edge

Biodiversity: Species

Existence values people hold for biodiversity measured through the status of native species

\[ x_{SPP} = \frac{\sum_{k=1}^{M} (\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} w_{i}}{N}) * A_{C}}{A_{T}} \]

  • \(M\) = number of grid cells in the assessment region

  • \(N\) = number species in a grid cell \(c\)

  • \(A\) = total area of a grid cell [\(c\)] the assessment region [T]

  • \(w_{i}\) = status weight assigned per threat

assessed species list and maps: IUCN