Goals

The following goal models are from the global assessment in 2014. These models should be modified when better data or indicators are available.

Food Provision: Fisheries

Amount of sustainable wild-caught seafood compared to the max sustainable

$x_{FIS} = (\prod_{g=1}^{6} SS_{i,g}^{C_{i,g}})^\frac{1}{\sum{C_{i,g}}}$

$SS$ stock status score, based on B/Bmsy (biomass / maximum sustainable yield of biomass) and an underharvest penalty adjustment
$C$ total catch
$i$ OHI reporting region
$g$ level of taxonomic grouping (ISSCAAP)

Food Provision: Mariculture

Amount of sustainable farm-raised seafood compared to max sustainable

$x_{MAR} = \frac{Y_{c}}{Y_{r}}$

$Y_{c} = \frac{\sum{1}^{k} Y_{k} * S_{M,k}}{P_{c}}$

$Y$ = current sustainably harvested total yield, current [ $c$ ] or reference [ $r$ ]
$S_{M,k}$ = Sustainability score for each species $k$
$P_{c}$ = Coastal population within 100km
$Y_{r} = max(Y_{c})$

Artisanal Fishing Opportunity

the opportunity to fish artisanally, independent of how many fish are caught

$x_{AO} = (1 - D_{U}) * S_{AO}$

$D_{U} = (1 - P) * (1 - O_{AO})$

$D_{U}$ = unmet demand
$S_{AO}$ = sustainability of fishing methods
$O_{AO}$ = access to artisanal fishing
$P$ = gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP)

Natural Products

Level of protection of the coast from inundation and erosion compared to the local natural potential

$x_{NP} = \frac{\sum_{p=1}^{N} w_p * x_p}{N}$

$x_p = H_p * S_p$

$S_p = 1 - (\frac{E + R}{N})$

$w_p$ = proportional peak US dollar value of product $p$
$x_p$ = sustainable-harvest score for product $p$
$H_p$ = harvest yield for product $p$
$S_p$ = sustainability of product $p$
$E$ = exposure term
$R$ = risk term

products:aquaria fishes, corals, sponges, shells, seaweeds, fish oil

Carbon Storage

Extent and condition of coastal habitats that store and sequester atmospheric carbon

$x_{CS} = \sum_{1}^{k} \frac{C_{s}}{C_{r}} * \frac{A_{k}}{A_{T}}$

$C$ = condition of habitat $k$ , current [ $c$ ] or reference[ $r$ ]
$A$ = area of habitat $k$ , current [ $c$ ] or total area covered by all habitats assessed [T]

habitats: seagrass beds, salt marshes, mangroves

Coastal Protection

Protection from inundation or erosion compared to the local natural potential

$x_{CP} = \sum_{k}^{n} \alpha_{k} * \frac{C_{c,k}}{C_{r,k}}$

$\alpha_{k} = \frac{w_{k}*A_{k}}{\sum{w_{k}*A_{k}}}$

$w_{k} = \frac{r_{k}}{\sum{r_{k}}}$

$C$ = condition of habitat $k$ , current [ $c$ ] and reference [ $r$ ]
$\alpha$ = weighted area of habitat $k$
$A$ = area of habitat $k$
$r$ = habitat protective ability rank weight

habitats: salt marshes, seagrass beds, mangroves, coral reefs, sea ice

Tourism & Recreation

Tourism & recreation value, independent of monetary exchange

$x_{TR} = E_{t} * S_{t}$

$E_{t} = E_{W} / (L_{t} - L_{t} * U_{t})$

$E$ = tourism employment proportion
$S$ = sustainability measure
$E_{W}$ = number of employees in travel and tourism sectors
$L$ = total labor force
$U$ = percent unemployment
$t$ = current year

Livelihoods & Economies: Livelihoods

Number of jobs and job quality from marine-associated sectors

$x_{LIV} = \frac{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k} j_{c,k}}{\sum_{i=1}^{k} j_{r,k}} + \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k} g_{m,k}}{\sum_{i=1}^{k} g_{r,k}}}{2}$

$j$ = number of jobs within sector $k$ at current [ $c$ ] or reference [ $r$ ] time
$g$ = average wages per job for sector $k$ at current [ $m$ ] or reference [ $r$ ] region
sectors ( $k$ ): tourism, commercial fishing, marine mammal watching, aquarium fishing, wave & tidal energy, mariculture, transportation & shipping, ports & harbors, ship & boatbuilding

Livelihoods & Economies: Economies

Revenue from marine associated sectors

$x_{ECO} = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{e_{c,k}}{e_{r,k}}$

$e$ = total adjusted revenue generated from each sector $k$ at current [ $c$ ] or reference [ $r$ ] time
sectors ( $k$ ): tourism, commercial fishing, marine mammal watching, aquarium fishing, wave & tidal energy, mariculture, transportation & shipping, ports & harbors, ship & boatbuilding

Sense of Place: Iconic Species

Aesthetic connections to and cultural identity with a given region measured through the status of iconic species

$x_{ICO} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} S_{i} * w_{i}}{\sum_{i=1}^{N} S_{i}}$

$S$ = number of assessed species in each threat category $i$
$w$ = status weight assigned per threat category $i$
$N$ = 6 threat categories

iconic species list: WWF Priority Species

threat categories: IUCN

Sense of Place: Lasting Special Places

Aesthetic connections to and cultural identity with a given region measured through the status of meaningful locations

$x_{LSP} = \frac{(\frac{M}{M_{r}} + \frac{C}{C_{r}})}{2}$

$M$ = percent protected marine coastal area compared to reference [ $r$ ] $C$ = percent protected coastline compared to reference [ $r$ ]
$C$ = managed area on coastal land (0-1mi)
$C_{t}$ = total coastal land area

Clean Waters

The degree to which coastal waters are free of contaminants

$x_{CW} = \sqrt[4]{a * u * l * d}$

$a$ = number of coastal people without access to sanitation
$u$ = 1 – (nutrient input)
$l$ = 1 – (chemical input)
$d$ = 1 – (marine debris input, by country)

Biodiversity: Habitats

Existence values people hold for biodiversity measured through the status of key habitats

$x_{HAB} = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{C_{c,k}}{C_{r,k}} * \frac{A_{c,k}}{A_{T}}$

$C$ = condition of habitat k, current [ $c$ ] or reference[ $r$ ]
$A$ = area of habitat k, current [ $c$ ] or total of all habitats [T]

habitats: seagrass beds, salt marshes, subtidal soft-bottom habitats, mangroves, coral reefs, sea ice edge

Biodiversity: Species

Existence values people hold for biodiversity measured through the status of native species

$x_{SPP} = \frac{\sum_{k=1}^{M} (\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} w_{i}}{N}) * A_{C}}{A_{T}}$

$M$ = number of grid cells in the assessment region
$N$ = number species in a grid cell $c$
$A$ = total area of a grid cell [ $c$ ] the assessment region [T]
$w_{i}$ = status weight assigned per threat

assessed species list and maps: IUCN