Layers

The following data layers are used in Ocean Health Index calculations for goal status, trend, pressures, and resilience. Values for Gulfo de Cadiz were extracted from the global assessment and saved for each region to serve as a template as you gather higher-resolution data and indicators. Note that many values do not have a range because they were equally extracted from the global data layer.

alien_species

Alien species

metadata value
filename alien_species_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.75 to 0.75
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

The number and type of invasive and harmful invasive species in each marine ecoregion (Molnar et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Molnar, J.L., Gamboa, R.L., Revenga C., Spalding, M. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(485). doi:10.1890/070064

ao_access

Fisheries management effectiveness and opportunity

metadata value
filename ao_access_gl2014.csv
value units value
value range 0.5568748 to 0.5568748
global extraction equal: global management effectiveness scores were applied equally to all regions.

The opportunity for artisanal and recreational fishing based on the quality of management of the small- scale fishing sector (Mora et al 2009).

Data sources:

  • Mora, C., Myers, R.A., Coll, M., Libralato, S., Pitcher, T.J., Sumaila, R.U., Worm, B. (2009). Management Effectiveness of the Worldᅰs Marine Fisheries. PLoS Biol, 7(6), e1000131. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000131

ao_need

Purchasing power parity as a proxy for subsistence fishing need, by region

metadata value
filename ao_need_gl2014.csv
value units current international $
value range 0.1774989 to 0.2727241
global extraction equal: global purchasing power parity information was applied equally to all regions.

The per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) adjusted gross domestic product (GDP): GDPpcPPP.

Data sources:

cc_acid

Ocean acidification

metadata value
filename cc_acid_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.5157769 to 0.5157769
global extraction raster

Change in current year's modeled aragonite saturation state (Feely et al. 2010) relative to historical mean (1880-1889).

Data sources:

  • Feely, R., Doney, S. & Cooley, S. (2009) Ocean acidification: present conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world. Oceanography 22:36-47. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.95
  • J. Afflerbach et al. (2015). Methods

cc_slr

Sea level rise

metadata value
filename cc_slr_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.07661598 to 0.07661598
global extraction raster

Modeled sea level rise (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010).

Data sources:

cc_sst

Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies

metadata value
filename cc_sst_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.2388581 to 0.2388581
global extraction raster

Sea surface temperature based on temperature anomolies provided by GHRSST and the US National Oceanographic Data Center.

Data sources:

cc_uv

UV radiation

metadata value
filename cc_uv_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.1768801 to 0.1768801
global extraction raster

Modeled UV radiation based on Erythemal UV Irradiance data provided by GES DISC.

Data sources:

cites

Resilience from commitment to CITES

metadata value
filename cites_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) signatories.

Data sources:

cp_habitat_extent_rank

Habitat extent multiplied by rank, per Coastal Protection habitats

metadata value
filename cp_habitat_extent_rank_gl2014.csv
value units extent*rank
value range 509.105 to 509.105
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Habitat extent multiplied by habitat protection rank for: coral, mangrove (offshore and inland 1km), saltmarsh, sea ice (shoreline), and seagrass

cs_habitat_extent

Habitat extent multiplied by carbon storage capacity, per Carbon Storage habitats

metadata value
filename cs_habitat_extent_gl2014.csv
value units extent*CS capacity
value range 42255.71 to 42255.71
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global habitat extent was applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Habitat extent mulitiplied by habitat carbon storage capacity for: mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass

cw_coastalpopn_trend

Coastal human population as a proxy for trend in trash

metadata value
filename cw_coastalpopn_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.0132128 to -0.0132128
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 25 miles, extracted from Gridded Population of the World (GPW) Population Density Grid Future Estimates.

Data sources:

  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University
  • CIESIN & CIAT (Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, & Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)) (2005). Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates. Palisades, NY. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)

cw_fertilizer_trend

Trends in fertilizer pollution as a proxy for nutrient pollution

metadata value
filename cw_fertilizer_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.01113588 to -0.01113588
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled data based on fertilizer consumption from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO; Halpern et al. 2015).

Data sources:

cw_pathogen_trend

Trends in access to improved sanitation as a proxy for pathogen pollution trend

metadata value
filename cw_pathogen_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.0003045269 to -0.0003045269
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Trends in percent of population without access to improved sanitation facilities.

Data sources:

cw_pesticide_trend

Trends in chemical pollution

metadata value
filename cw_pesticide_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.002083703 to -0.002083703
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled chemical pollution from commercial shipping traffic, ports and harbors, and pesticide use (Halpern et al. 2015).

Data sources:

fis_b_bmsy

B/Bmsy estimates obtained using the catch-MSY method

metadata value
filename fis_b_bmsy_gl2014.csv
value units B / B_msy
value range 0.05435161 to 1.986959
global extraction :

The ratio of fish population abundance compared to the abundance required to deliver maximum sustainable yield, obtained from the catch-MSY model (Martell & Froese, 2013).

Data sources:

fis_meancatch

Catch data for each Taxon/FAO/SAU region averaged across years

metadata value
filename fis_meancatch_gl2014.csv
value units metric tons
value range 8.17638e-18 to 4787770
global extraction :

Mean catch-per-taxon values within each Sea Around Us/FAO fishing area.

Data sources:

fis_proparea_saup2rgn

proportion area of each SAUP within each OHI reporting region

metadata value
filename fis_proparea_saup2rgn_gl2014.csv
value units proportion
value range 1 to 1
global extraction :

Lookup table of Sea Around Us Project regions to Ocean Health Index region identifiers.

Data sources:

fishing_v1

CBD survey: coastal fishing v1

metadata value
filename fishing_v1_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7394704 to 0.7394704
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

fishing_v1_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v1

metadata value
filename fishing_v1_eez_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7394704 to 0.7394704
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

fishing_v2_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v2

metadata value
filename fishing_v2_eez_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.6938215 to 0.6938215
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

fishing_v3

CBD survey: coastal fishing v3

metadata value
filename fishing_v3_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7613825 to 0.7613825
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

fishing_v3_eez

CBD survey: ocean fishing v3

metadata value
filename fishing_v3_eez_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7613825 to 0.7613825
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

fp_art_hb

High bycatch caused by artisanal fishing

metadata value
filename fp_art_hb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.03209586 to 0.03209586
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The presence of destructive artisanal blast and poison (cyanide) fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited).

Data sources:

fp_art_lb

Low bycatch caused by artisanal fishing

metadata value
filename fp_art_lb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.05330544 to 0.05330544
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled low bycatch artisanal fishing using non-destructive practices (Halpern et al. 2008) based on FAO fisheries statistics.

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • FAO fisheries statistics

fp_com_hb

High bycatch caused by commercial fishing

metadata value
filename fp_com_hb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.0379205 to 0.0379205
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled destructive commercial fishing practices by 5 different gear types (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

fp_com_lb

Low bycatch caused by commercial fishing

metadata value
filename fp_com_lb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.0379205 to 0.0379205
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled least destructive commercial fishing practices by 2 different gear types (Halpern et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

fp_targetharvest

Targeted harvest of cetaceans and sea turtles

metadata value
filename fp_targetharvest_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.003286951 to 0.003286951
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Targeted harvest of cetaceans and marine turtles, from FAO fisheries data.

Data sources:

fp_wildcaught_weight

Fisheries weighting factor

metadata value
filename fp_wildcaught_weight_gl2014.csv
value units proportion
value range 0.6974263 to 0.6974263
global extraction equal: global weights were applied equally to all regions.

Proportion of wild caught fisheries yield to mariculture yield, based on FAO fisheries statistics.

Data sources:

hab_extent

Habitat extent

metadata value
filename hab_extent_gl2014.csv
value units km^2
value range 0 to 66099
global extraction raster

Habitat extent

Data sources:

  • Hamilton, S. & Casey, D. (2014). Creation of a high spatiotemporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st Century (CGMFC-21): a big-data fusion approach. arXiv:1412.0722
  • Bridgham, S. D. , Megonigal, J. P. , Keller, J. K., et al. (2006). The carbon balance of North American Wetlands. Wetlands 26: 889-916.
  • Dahl, T. E. (2000). Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1986 to 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
  • Ministry for the Environment (2007). Environment New Zealand (http://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/environment-nz07-dec07.pdf)
  • Joint Nature Conservation Committee, JNCC. (2004). UK Lowland wetland habitats (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1433)
  • European Environment Agency (2008).
  • Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L., Gloersen, P. and Zwally, H. (2014). Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data. 1979-2014. Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL.
  • UNEP-WCMC (2005). Global distribution of seagrasses - points dataset.
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • Burke, L., Reytar, K., Spalding, M., et al. (2011). Reefs at Risk Revisited. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.

hab_health

Habitat health

metadata value
filename hab_health_gl2014.csv
value units proportion
value range 0.5 to 0.8875439
global extraction equal: global habitat health was applied equally to all regions.

Habitat health/condition

Data sources:

  • FAO. (2007). The world's mangroves 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153.
  • Bridgham, S. D. , Megonigal, J. P. , Keller, J. K., et al. (2006). The carbon balance of North American Wetlands. Wetlands 26: 889-916.
  • Dahl, T. E. (2000). Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1986 to 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
  • Ministry for the Environment (2007). Environment New Zealand (http://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/environment-nz07-dec07.pdf)
  • Joint Nature Conservation Committee, JNCC. (2004). UK Lowland wetland habitats (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1433)
  • European Environment Agency (2008).
  • Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L., Gloersen, P. and Zwally, H. (2014). Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data. 1979-2014. Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL.
  • Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J. B., Orth, R. J. et al. (2009), Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(30):12377-12381.
  • Bruno, J. F. & Selig, E. R. (2007) Regional decline of coral cover in the Indo-Pacific: timing, extent, and subregional comparisons. PLoS ONE 2(8): e711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000711
  • Schutte, V. G. W., Selig, E. R. & Bruno, J. F. (2010). Regional spatio-temporal trends in Caribbean coral reef benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 402: 115–122.

hab_presence

Habitat presence

metadata value
filename hab_presence_gl2014.csv
value units boolean
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Modeled combined habitat presence

hab_trend

Habitat health trend

metadata value
filename hab_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range 0.01009577 to 0.01009577
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

Habitat health trend

Data sources:

  • Hamilton, S. & Casey, D. (2014). Creation of a high spatiotemporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st Century (CGMFC-21): a big-data fusion approach. arXiv:1412.0722
  • Bridgham, S. D. , Megonigal, J. P. , Keller, J. K., et al. (2006). The carbon balance of North American wetlands. Wetlands 26: 889-916.
  • Dahl, T. E. (2000). Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1986 to 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
  • Ministry for the Environment (2007). Environment New Zealand (http://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/environment-nz07-dec07.pdf)
  • Joint Nature Conservation Committee, JNCC. (2004). UK Lowland wetland habitats (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1433)
  • European Environment Agency (2008).
  • Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L., Gloersen, P. and Zwally, H. (2014). Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data. 1979-2014. Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL)
  • Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J. B., Orth, R. J. et al. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(30):12377-12381.
  • Bruno, J. F. & Selig, E. R. (2007) Regional decline of coral cover in the Indo-Pacific: timing, extent, and subregional comparisons. PLoS ONE 2(8): e711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000711
  • Schutte, V. G. W., Selig, E.R. & Bruno, J. F. (2010). Regional spatio-temporal trends in Caribbean coral reef benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 402: 115–122.

habitat

CBD survey: habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7272727 to 0.7272727
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

habitat_combo

CBD survey: coastal habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_combo_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.8636364 to 0.8636364
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

habitat_combo_eez

CBD survey: ocean habitat

metadata value
filename habitat_combo_eez_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.8636364 to 0.8636364
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

hd_intertidal

Coastal population density as a proxy for intertidal habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_intertidal_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.162486 to 0.162486
global extraction population_inland25km: global intertidal pressures were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 10 miles, extracted from Gridded Population of the World (GPW) Population Density Grid Future Estimates.

Data sources:

  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University
  • CIESIN & CIAT (Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, & Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)) (2005). Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates. Palisades, NY. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)
  • Halpern, B.S., Walbridge S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 3199(5865): 948-952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345

hd_subtidal_hb

High bycatch artisanal fishing practices as a proxy for subtidal hard bottom habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_subtidal_hb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.03324169 to 0.03324169
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The presence of destructive artisanal blast fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited).

Data sources:

hd_subtidal_sb

Demersal destructive commercial fishing practices relative to soft-bottom habitat area as a proxy for soft bottom habitat destruction

metadata value
filename hd_subtidal_sb_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.09950352 to 0.09950352
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Spatially distributed commercial catch data by fishing gear type, developed by Sea Around Us Project and habitat data.

Data sources:

ico_spp_extinction_status

IUCN extinction risk category for iconic species

metadata value
filename ico_spp_extinction_status_gl2014.csv
value units category
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global status was applied equally to all regions.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists

Data sources:

ico_spp_popn_trend

IUCN population trend as a proxy for iconic species trend

metadata value
filename ico_spp_popn_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to all regions.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists

Data sources:

le_gdp

GDP

metadata value
filename le_gdp_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units 2010 USD
value range 6.00839e+11 to 1.59342e+12
global extraction population_inland25km: global GDP data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data (reported in 2012 US dollars) from The World Bank.

Data sources:

le_jobs_sector_year

Jobs

metadata value
filename le_jobs_sector_year_gl2014.csv
value units jobs
value range 55.535 to 580182
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to each region.

gapfilled

le_popn

Total population by subregion

metadata value
filename le_popn_gl2014.csv
value units count
value range 30455000 to 46217961
global extraction equal:

Population data from The World Bank

le_sector_weight

Jobs weighting

metadata value
filename le_sector_weight_gl2014.csv
value units value
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal:

Jobs weighting by sector (defaulting to 1)

le_unemployment

Unemployment

metadata value
filename le_unemployment_gl2014.csv
value units percent unemployed
value range 8.264574 to 18.58066
global extraction equal: global unemployment percentages were applied equally to each region.

gapfilled

le_wage_sector_year

Wages

metadata value
filename le_wage_sector_year_gl2014.csv
value units 2010 USD
value range 307.6993 to 110417.9
global extraction equal: global wages were applied equally to each region.

gapfilled

le_workforcesize_adj

Modeled Livelihoods & Economies data

metadata value
filename le_workforcesize_adj_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units jobs
value range 15813140 to 23280057
global extraction population_inland25km: global workforce data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

adjusted workforce size

li_gci

GCI: competitiveness in achieving sustained economic prosperity

metadata value
filename li_gci_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.6535278 to 0.6535278
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) scores from the World Economic Forum.

Data sources:

li_sector_evenness

Sector evenness as a measure of economic diversity

metadata value
filename li_sector_evenness_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.1246974 to 0.1246974
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Shannon's Diversity Index calculated sector evenness based on the total number of sectors and the proportion of jobs belonging to any sector.

lsp_prot_area_inland1km

Coastal protected areas inland 1km

metadata value
filename lsp_prot_area_inland1km_gl2014.csv
value units km^2
value range 0 to 252.25
global extraction raster

Coastal protected areas inland to 1km from the UN WDPA.

Data sources:

  • United Nations - World Conservation Monitoring Centre’s World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) through Protected Planet

lsp_prot_area_offshore3nm

Coastal marine protected areas offshore 3km

metadata value
filename lsp_prot_area_offshore3nm_gl2014.csv
value units km^2
value range 0 to 826.25
global extraction raster

Coastal protected areas offshore to 3nm from the UN WDPA.

Data sources:

  • United Nations - World Conservation Monitoring Centre’s World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) through Protected Planet

mar_coastalpopn_inland25km

Coastal population inland 25 kilometers

metadata value
filename mar_coastalpopn_inland25km_sc2014-raster.csv
value units people
value range 2600996 to 3032929
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Coastal population, defined as the total population inland of 25 kilometers, extracted from Gridded Population of the World (GPW) Population Density Grid Future Estimates.

Data sources:

  • CIESIN & CIAT (Center for International Earth Science Information Network /Columbia University & Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) (2005). Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates. Palisades, NY. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)

mar_harvest_species

Mariculture species harvested

metadata value
filename mar_harvest_species_gl2014.csv
value units species name
value range NA to NA
global extraction equal: global mariculture species were applied equally to each region.

Lookup table for mariculture: species Latin names and species code.

Data sources:

mar_harvest_tonnes

Mariculture harvest

metadata value
filename mar_harvest_tonnes_gl2014.csv
value units tons
value range 0 to 261969
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global mariculture harvest (tonnes) data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Mariculture harvest from the FAO.

Data sources:

mar_sustainability_score

Mariculture sustainability score

metadata value
filename mar_sustainability_score_gl2014.csv
value units sustainability
value range 0.17 to 0.9
global extraction equal: global mariculture sustainability scores were applied equally to each region.

Mariculture sustainability and mariculture regulations indicated by the Mariculture Sustainability Index (MSI).

Data sources:

  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countries’ performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countries’ Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28–56.

mariculture

CBD survey: mariculture

metadata value
filename mariculture_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.9166667 to 0.9166667
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

msi_gov

MSI sustainability and regulations

metadata value
filename msi_gov_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.5454545 to 0.5454545
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Mariculture practice assessment criteria from the Mariculture Sustainability Index (MSI).

Data sources:

  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countries’ performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countries’ Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28–56.

np_blast

Areas of observed blast (dynamite) fishing

metadata value
filename np_blast_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.1821841 to 0.1821841
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

Destructive artisanal blast fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited).

Data sources:

np_cyanide

Areas of observed poison fishing

metadata value
filename np_cyanide_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.1683349 to 0.1683349
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

Destructive artisanal poison (cyanide) fishing (Reefs at Risk Revisited).

Data sources:

np_harvest_product_weight

Product peak harvest divided by sum of all product peak harvest values, per region

metadata value
filename np_harvest_product_weight_gl2014.csv
value units proportion
value range 0 to 0.4402566
global extraction equal: global weights were applied equally to each region.

Ratio of harvest of of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO.

Data sources:

np_harvest_tonnes

Harvest yield of marine natural products, smoothed

metadata value
filename np_harvest_tonnes_gl2014.csv
value units metric tonnes
value range 0 to 19295.55
global extraction area_offshore_3nm: global harvest (tonnes) was applied to each region after weighting by each region's offshore area to 3nm.

Yield in metric tonnes of six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO.

Data sources:

np_harvest_tonnes_relative

Harvest ratio to peak yield of marine natural products

metadata value
filename np_harvest_tonnes_relative_gl2014.csv
value units ratio
value range 0 to 1
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

Ratio to max yield (tonnes) of product peak for six marine products (coral, fish oil, seaweed and plants, shells, sponges, ornamental fish) from FAO.

Data sources:

po_chemicals

Chemical pollution

metadata value
filename po_chemicals_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.4403474 to 0.4403474
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Modeled chemical pollution from commercial shipping traffic, ports and harbors, and pesticide use (Halpern et al. 2015).

Data sources:

po_chemicals_3nm

Coastal chemical pollution within 3 nm offshore

metadata value
filename po_chemicals_3nm_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.7756213 to 0.7756213
global extraction raster

Modeled chemical pollution from commercial shipping traffic, ports and harbors, and pesticide use (Halpern et al. 2015), primarily land-based chemical pollution due to 3nm offshore buffer.

Data sources:

po_nutrients

Fertilizer pollution as a proxy for nutrient pollution

metadata value
filename po_nutrients_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.0245402 to 0.0245402
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Modeled data based on fertilizer consumption from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, Halpern et al. 2015).

Data sources:

po_nutrients_3nm

Coastal fertilizer pollution as a proxy for nutrient pollution within 3nm offshore

metadata value
filename po_nutrients_3nm_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.3240179 to 0.3240179
global extraction raster

Modeled data based on fertilizer consumption from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, Halpern et al. 2015).

Data sources:

po_pathogens

Access to improved sanitation as a proxy for pathogen pollution

metadata value
filename po_pathogens_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.02459102 to 0.02459102
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Population without access to improved sanitation facilities.

Data sources:

po_trash

Trash pollution

metadata value
filename po_trash_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.5977061 to 0.5977061
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Global marine plastics (Eriksen et al. 2014)

Data sources:

  • Eriksen M., Lebreton, L. C. M., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J. and Borerro, J. C. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PLoS ONE 9:e111913. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111913.
  • J. Afflerbach et al. (2015). Methods

rgn_area

Region area of total EEZ ocean

metadata value
filename rgn_area_sc2014-area.csv
value units km^2
value range 554722 to 554722
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Area of Ocean Health Index regions based on exclusive economic zones (VLIZ 2012).

Data sources:

rgn_area_inland1km

Region area 1 km inland

metadata value
filename rgn_area_inland1km_gl2014.csv
value units km^2
value range 3334.071 to 3334.071
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

inland area 1 km from shore.

rgn_area_offshore3nm

Region area offshore 3nm

metadata value
filename rgn_area_offshore3nm_gl2014.csv
value units km^2
value range 18874.44 to 18874.44
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Area of Ocean Health Index regions to 3nm (VLIZ 2012).

Data sources:

rgn_georegion_labels

Georegion labels per region, at 3 georegion levels

metadata value
filename rgn_georegion_labels_gl2014.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Lookup table of Ocean Health Index regions and UN georegion names at 3 georegion levels.

Data sources:

rgn_georegions

Georegion ids per region, at 3 georegion levels

metadata value
filename rgn_georegions_gl2014.csv
value units georegion id
value range 1 to 150
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Lookup table of Ocean Health Index regions and UN georegion identifiers at 3 georegion levels.

Data sources:

rgn_global

regions used in global analysis for Nature 2012, subset of regions_labels by type=eez and not deleted or disputed

metadata value
filename rgn_global_gl2014.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Regions used in global analysis for Nature 2012, subset of regions_labels by type=eez and not deleted or disputed.

rgn_labels

regions by type (eez, subocean, unclaimed) and label

metadata value
filename rgn_labels.csv
value units label
value range NA to NA
global extraction raster: spatial data was extracted for each region.

Ocean Health Index regions by type (eez, subocean, unclaimed) and label

sp_alien

Alien species

metadata value
filename sp_alien_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.06114795 to 0.06114795
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

The number and type of invasive and harmful invasive species in each marine ecoregion (Molnar et al. 2008).

Data sources:

  • Molnar, J. L., Gamboa, R. L., Revenga C., Spalding, M. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(485). doi:10.1890/070064

sp_genetic

Introduced species as a proxy for genetic escapes

metadata value
filename sp_genetic_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.5861412 to 0.5861412
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Statistics on native or introduced species from the Mariculture Sustainibility Index (MSI).

Data sources:

  • Trujillo P. (2008). Using a mariculture sustainability index to rank countries’ performances. In: A comparative assessment of biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture in 53 countries’ Exclusive Economic Zones, Alder J, Pauly D, editors. Fisheries Centre Research Report, vol. 16(7) p. 28–56.

species_diversity

Ocean ecological integrity

metadata value
filename species_diversity_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.860856 to 0.860856
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Marine species diversity as a proxy for ecological integrity: ocean (IUCN).

Data sources:

species_diversity_3nm

Coastal ecological integrity

metadata value
filename species_diversity_3nm_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.870254 to 0.870254
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Marine species diversity as a proxy for ecological integrity: coastal (IUCN).

Data sources:

spp_status

Species lists and IUCN threat categories as a proxy for iconic species status

metadata value
filename spp_status_gl2014.csv
value units status score
value range 0.860856 to 0.860856
global extraction equal: global scores were applied equally to each region.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists.

Data sources:

spp_trend

Species lists and IUCN threat categories as a proxy for iconic species trend

metadata value
filename spp_trend_gl2014.csv
value units trend score
value range -0.17826 to -0.17826
global extraction equal: global trends were applied equally to each region.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat categories with aggregated species lists.

Data sources:

ss_wgi

Weakness of governance indicated with the WGI

metadata value
filename ss_wgi_gl2014.csv
value units pressure score
value range 0.327629 to 0.327629
global extraction equal: global pressures data were applied equally to all regions.

Inverse of World Governance Indicators (WGI) six combined scores.

Data sources:

tourism

CBD survey: tourism

metadata value
filename tourism_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.7222222 to 0.7222222
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

tr_jobs_pct_tourism

Percent direct employment in tourism

metadata value
filename tr_jobs_pct_tourism_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units percent
value range 0.0454253 to 0.0579996
global extraction population_inland25km: global tourism employee data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Percent direct employment in tourism (WTTC).

Data sources:

tr_jobs_total

Total labor force

metadata value
filename tr_jobs_total_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units people
value range 15813100 to 23559700
global extraction population_inland25km: global total labor force data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Total labor force (number of people 15 years old and older who can supply labor for the production of goods and services) from World Bank assessments.

Data sources:

tr_jobs_tourism

Direct employment in tourism

metadata value
filename tr_jobs_tourism_sc2014-popn-inland25km.csv
value units jobs
value range 620555 to 1099370
global extraction population_inland25km: global tourism employee data were applied to each region after weighting by each region's coastal population.

Direct employment in tourism (WTTC).

Data sources:

tr_sustainability

Sustainability index

metadata value
filename tr_sustainability_gl2014.csv
value units score
value range 5.38 to 5.38
global extraction equal : global scores were applied equally to each region.

Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) from the World Economic Forum

Data sources:

tr_travelwarnings

Travel warnings

metadata value
filename tr_travelwarnings_gl2014.csv
value units score
value range 0.1 to 0.1
global extraction :

Countries with US State Department travel warnings.

Data sources:

tr_unemployment

Percent unemployment

metadata value
filename tr_unemployment_gl2014.csv
value units percent
value range 0.084 to 0.266
global extraction equal: global unemployment percentages were applied equally to each region.

Percent unemployment (The World Bank).

Data sources:

water

CBD survey: water

metadata value
filename water_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 1 to 1
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

Survey responses by country to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Third National Report (2005)

Data sources:

wgi_all

Strength of governance indicated with the WGI

metadata value
filename wgi_all_gl2014.csv
value units resilience score
value range 0.672371 to 0.672371
global extraction equal: global resilience data were applied equally to all regions.

World Governance Indicators (WGI) six combined scores.

Data sources: