The following data layers are used in Ocean Health Index Main Hawaiian Islands calculations for goal status, trend, pressures, and resilience. Learn how these layers were incorporated into goal calculations on the goals page.


access to shoreline

res_shoreline_access

Estimated fishery access land based fishing based on shoreline access (marine managed areas and military areas, roads, and steepness of shoreline.

aquarium fishing

fp_fish_aquarium

The pressure on the nearshore from aquarium fishing estimated as the reported take to DAR, standardized to km2 of hardbottom habitat.

average daily visitor spending

st_visitor_spending

Annual percent change in daily visitor spending

Reference

DBEDT

beach condition

hab_health_mhi

Wetland condition was calculated based on percent of historical extent.

beach condition

hab_health_mhi

Wetland condition was calculated based on percent of historical extent.

beach extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

beach extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

beach trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

beach trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

bottom fisheries commercial catch

fis_deep_catch

Bottomfish catch (lbs) reported in the commercial fishery.

Reference

DLNR-DAR

CITES signatories

g_cites

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) signatories.

Reference

global OHI

climate change adaptation plans

res_adoption_CCA

The percent of county/community plans that include a climate change adaptation (CCA) component. Target is to reach 100% by 2030.

Reference

ORMP

coastal MPAs fisheries resilience

fp_MPA_3nm

The ratio of management areas to total coastal area within 3nm.

coastal MPAs habitat resilience

hd_MPA_3nm

The ratio of management areas to total coastal area within 3nm.

coastal wetland condition

cp_hab_condition

The condition of coastal habitats measured as the percent of beaches erroding per region.

Reference

NA

coastal wetland extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

coastal wetland extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

commercial fisheries reporting compliance

res_commercial_fis_compliance

The annual compliance rate of commerical fisheries reports (taget is 100%).

Reference

DLNR-DAR

commercial fishery high-bycatch

fp_com_hb

The ratio of catch to bycatch for the tuna fishery (deep set longlines).

commercial fishery low-bycatch

fp_com_lb

The ratio of catch to bycatch for swordfish fishery (shallow set longlines).

commercial fishing management

fp_mora

The estimated management effectiveness of regulations and management of commercial fishing.

Reference

global OHI

commerical coastal pelagic fisheries catch

fis_coast_pelagic_catch

Coastal pelagic fish catch (lbs) reported in the commercial fishery.

Reference

DLNR-DAR

coral bleaching

cc_sst_nearshore

Mean degree heating weeks (DHW) for nearshore areas (wihting 10 km of the coastlint), with coral bleaching expected after 4 DHW. Scores of 1 indicate that coral bleaching is expected or occured.

direct impacts from humans (trampling, recreation, etc)

hd_tourrec_direct_h

InVEST recreation model was run statewide at 1 km resolution for the years 2005 - 2014. This model uses publicly visible geotagged photos posted to the photo-sharing website Flickr to calculate the annual average number of photo users per day per grid cell. This is a proxy for direct human impact to nearshore and coastal environments.

economic loss from sea level rise

cc_slr_eco

The estimated economic loss from a predicted near future 3.2 ft sea level rise.

EEZ MPAs fisheries resilience

fp_MPA_eez

The ratio of management areas (BRFA, Longline, Monument) to the total ocean area with the EEZ and divided into OHI regions.

EEZ MPAs habitat resilience

hd_MPA_eez

The ratio of management areas (BRFA, Longline, Monument) to the total ocean area with the EEZ and divided into OHI regions.

environmental protection

t_env_sus

The percent of nearhsore areas priority watersheds protected in reference to Hawaii Stanability Initatives (30 by 30 targets). This data may change as the State DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources develops the 30 by 30 initative.

Reference

DLNR

experience of visitors

tourism_experience

The percent of visitors that report having an excellent experience.

fish indicator

spp_fish

The reef fish indicator is the average of 3 components (Reef Fish Biomass, Reef Fish Sustainability, and Reef Fish Predators).

Reference

NOAA CREP

fishpond restoration support

res_fishpond_restoration

The percent of county fishponds that recieve technical assistance from the State.

Reference

ORMP

forest health

hd_allien_veg

The percent of native forests dominated by non-native species.

Reference

Landfire

habitat destruction caused by coastal engineering

hd_coasteng

Coastal engineering consisted of shoreline armoring structures (e.g., seawalls, revetments, groins, break waters), artificial land (i.e., land fill), and piers.

habitat destruction from dredging

hd_dredging

Dredging was defined as activity involving physically removing substrate with machinery typically to allow for safe passage of vessels.

habitat destruction of benthic structures

hd_benstr

Benthic structures were defined as manmade features in the offshore environment that disrupt benthic habitat and include moored buoys, channel markers, offshore cables and pipelines.

habitat health

res_hab_health

The scores from the habitats subgoal of biodiversity are used as resilience for Livelihoods and Economies and the Sustainable Tourism goals.

habitat weights

element_wts_hab_pres_abs

This is a list of habitats in each region weighted by proportion of the total area for each habitat.

Hawaii average wage

liv_a_wage

The Hawaii average annual wage by county

Reference

DBEBT

increase in shoreline access points

res_shoreline_access_points

The increase in shoreline access points from the ORMP. Reference value is the mean number of access points added over the last five years.

Reference

ORMP

invasive species (algae and mangroves)

sp_ispp_a_m

Represents presence-only of invasive algae species in nearshore waters and mangroves along the shoreline.

land-based sediment export to nearshore water

po_lbsp_sed

Mean sediment load to nearshore waters (1.5km).

land-based source of pollution from agriculture and golf courses

po_lbspaggolfrunoff

The proxy for agricultural and landscaping runoff (nutrients from fertilizers; chemicals like pesticides and herbicides), calculated as the area of agricultural land and golf courses by watershed with a maximum stresser level set at 10% of watershed area.

land-based source of pollution from urban runoff

po_lbspurbanrunoff

A proxy for nutrient and chemical pollution measured as the percent of impervious surfaces per watershed with a maximum stresser level set at 10% of watershed area.

landbased source of pollution nitrogen

po_lbspnosds_nflux

Mean nitrogen flux from on site disposal sytems (OSDS) into nearshore waters (1.5 km from shore).

makai watch trainings

res_makai_watch

The mean number of DLNR led Makai Watch trainings to communities to support nearshore fisheries pono fishing practices and regulations.

Reference

DLNR-DAR

mariculture yield

mar_harvest

Production of shellfish and foodfish from mariculture facilities

Mo’omeheu - Value of History and Culture

sp_OHA_culture

The preservation of culture. Mo’omeheu - Value of History and Culture.

number of fishponds

mar_fishpond_numbers

The current number of fishponds.

number of fishponds in 1990 survey

mar_fishpond_historic

The number of fishponds per county from the 1990 assessment.

ocean acidification

cc_acid

Ocean acidification pressure scaled using biological thresholds.

ocean and coastal jobs

le_jobs

The total number of jobs per ocean sector for each county.

Reference

NOAA ENOW

ocean and coastal revenue

le_gdp

The revenue generated per ocean sector for each county.

Reference

NOAA ENOW

ocean and coastal sector mean wages

le_wage

The mean wage per ocean sector by county

Reference

NOAA ENOW

ocean sector weight

le_sector_weight

The proportion of jobs in each sector per region.

Reference

NOAA ENOW

operations

mar_operations

The number of mariculture operators.

Reference

USDA

participation in recreational activities

con_participation

The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program 2014 socioeconomic surveys of human use, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions in Hawaii.

pelagic fisheries commerical catch

fis_pelagic_catch

Pelagic fish catch (lbs) reported in the commercial fishery.

Reference

DLNR-DAR

proxy for intertidal habitat destruction

hd_intertidal

The coastal population density (withing 25 mi from shore) as a proxy for intertidal habitat destruction, calculated as resident population per km of shoreline and standardized by maximum regional score.

recycled wastewater

res_wastewater_recycled

The percent of wastewater that is recycled annually. Target is 100%.

Reference

DOH

reef condition

cp_hab_condition

The condition of coastal habitats measured as the percent of beaches erroding per region.

Reference

NA

reef condition

cp_hab_condition

The condition of coastal habitats measured as the percent of beaches erroding per region.

Reference

NA

reef extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

reef extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

reef fishing catch

fp_reeffish_t

The modeled reef fish catch from commercial and recreational fishery taking into account shoreline accessibility.

reef trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

reef trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

resident population

le_popn

The number of residents per county.

Reference

DBEDT

resident sentiment

t_sentiment

The Hawaii Tourism Authority’s survey on resident sentiment to tourism.

Reference

HTA

resource

ao_resource

Resource condition was measured through a reef fish indicator. The reef fish indicator is the average of 3 components (Reef Fish Biomass, Reef Fish Sustainability, and Reef Fish Predators).

Reference

NOAA CREP

sea level rise

cc_sealevel

The estimated pressure on coastal areas from a 3.2 ft prediction of the near future sea level rise.

sea surface temperature

cc_sst_eez

The difference in the annual mean sea surface temperature for Hawaii eez waters compared to the 20th century mean sea surface temperature.

Reference

NOAA

ship-based groundings

hd_shipbased_ground

To represent the risk of ship groundings and wrecks to coastal waters, the footprint of this ship traffic layer was clipped to 9 m depth.

ship-based pollution

po_shipbased_shipp

Ship traffic layer was used as a proxy for ship-based pollution.

Social Progress Index

res_spi

The Social Progress Index scores.

Reference

global OHI

soft bottom condition

hab_health_mhi

Wetland condition was calculated based on percent of historical extent.

soft bottom extent

hab_extent_mhi

Soft bottom habitat extent was derived from the cumulative impact habitat maps.

soft bottom trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

State New Economy Index

li_economic_index

The State New Economy Index uses 25 indicators to measure the extent to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, IT-driven, and innovation-oriented.

strength of governance

wgi_all

The World Governance Indicators (WGI) six combined scores.

Reference

global OHI

sustainability of bottomfishery

fis_sus

Pelagic (tuna and swordfish) stock assessments.

sustainability of pelagic fishery

fis_sus

Pelagic (tuna and swordfish) stock assessments.

terrestrial aquaculture

sp_aquacul_terrest

The environmental footprint of terrestrial aquaculture facilities.

unemployment

le_unemployment

The unemployment rate.

Reference

DBEBT

uv radiation

cc_uv

The modeled UV radiation based on Erythemal UV Irradiance data provided by GES DISC.

visitor contributed GDP

t_growth

Visitor generated GDP with a target set by the Hawaii Tourism Authority of 2.5% annual growth.

Reference

HTA annual report

visitors participating in kayaking

t_kayaking

The number of visitors per km of coastline that kayak or canoe per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

visitors participating in snorkeling or scuba diving

t_snorkel_scuba

The number of visitors per km of coastline that use thrill craft per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

visitors participating in surfing

t_boarding

The number of visitors per km of coastline that surf or body-board per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

visitors participating in swimming

t_swimming

The number of visitors per km of coastline that swim and go to the beach per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

visitors participating in thrill craft

t_thrill_craft

The number of visitors per km of coastline that whale watch per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

visitors participating in whale watching

t_whale_watching

The number of visitors per km of coastline that whale watch per county standardized to the regional maximum which occurs on Oahu.

watershed partnerships

watershed_partnerships

The ratio of watershed partnerships to historic native forest extent.

watersheds protected

hd_watersheds

The percent of priority watersheds that are fenced to protect againts invasive animals.

Reference

DLNR

weakness of governance

ss_wgi

The Inverse of World Governance Indicators (WGI) calculated as the six combined scores.

weakness of social progress

ss_spi

The inverse of the Social Progress Index scores.

wetland condition

hab_health_mhi

Wetland condition was calculated based on percent of historical extent.

wetland trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

wetland trend

hab_trend_mhi

Trend was not evaluated for soft bottom habitats.

Reference

NA

workforce

le_wkforce

The total number of jobs per county.

Reference

DBEDT